BIAFRA FREE STATE
MEN WHO WROTE THE HISTORY
1969, at parade to celebrate the Second Independence Anniversary of Biafra; General Efiong is fourth from left; General Ojukwu, Head of State, is fifth from left
The
"Biafran" Cabinet at a Church service, on the extreme right is the late
Sir Louis Mbanefo- former Supreme Court Judge and Judge of the World
Court, who severally advised Ojukwu to negotiate a dignified end- to no
avail and who was then left - alongside Phillip Effiong to negotiate
surrender, after Ojukwu took off.
General Effiong and Wife in
Umuahia circa 1968 or 69.
1969, Major General Philip Efiong returning from a visit to a refugee camp in Nto Edino in present-day Akwa Ibom State
The
Charismatic Major Patrick Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. . On July 29, 1967,
was he was trapped in an ambush near Nsukka while conducting a night
reconnaissance operation against federal troops of the 21st battalion
under Captain Mohammed Inua Wushishi. He was killed in action and his
corpse was subsequently identified. In order to speed up the national
reconciliation effort, orders were given by Major General Yakubu Gowon
for him to be buried with full military honours at the military
cemetery in Kaduna. However, by the time the corpse arrived in Kaduna,
it had been mutilated by unknown persons and his eyes gouged out. A
photograph of Nzeogwu's corpse is available at the National Archives in
Kaduna.
Major Hassan
Katsina. Katsina became the first Military Governor of
the Northern Region
1968 - Adekunle "The Black Scorpion" during Operation OAU
"I want to see no Red Cross, no Caritas, no World Council of Churches, no Pope, no missionary and no UN delegation. I want to prevent even one Ibo from having even one piece to eat before their capitulation. We shoot at everything that moves and when our troops march into the centre of Ibo territory, we shoot at everything even at things that do not move,
EJOOR: Administrator MID-WESTERN STATE
IBB: Operation "Iron Fist"
1968 - Adekunle "The Black Scorpion" during Operation OAU
"I want to see no Red Cross, no Caritas, no World Council of Churches, no Pope, no missionary and no UN delegation. I want to prevent even one Ibo from having even one piece to eat before their capitulation. We shoot at everything that moves and when our troops march into the centre of Ibo territory, we shoot at everything even at things that do not move,
16
Jan 1970, Lagos, Nigeria --- Lagos, Nigeria: Three members of an
International Team of Observers reporting in Lagos, right to left, Col.
Douglas Cairns of Great Britain; Yngye Berlund of Sweden; and Brig.
John Drewery of Canada. As part of an eight-man team that visited the war zones,
they said they neither saw nor heard of any evidence of
genocide in the eastern Region Nigeria, formerly Biafra.
- Image by Bettmann/CORBIS
- Image by Bettmann/CORBIS
Aba
Hospital 1968...victims of the NAF Napalm Strike on the Hospital
22
Jan 1970, Lagos, Nigeria --- Nigerian Federal Leader Major General
Yakubu Gowon (wearing peak cap with red band) addresses a press
conference in Lagos, January 22nd. --- Image by Bettmann/CORBIS
IBB: Operation "Iron Fist"
At
Independence in 1960, Dr. Ibiam was appointed the Governor of former
Eastern Region, the position which he held until the 1966 bloody coup
d’etat. His famous quote to the Crown was as such “In the circumstance,
Your Majesty, I no longer wish to wear the garb of the British
Knighthood. British fair play, British justice, and the Englishman's
word of honor which Biafra loved so much and cherished have become
meaningless to Biafrans in general and to me in particular. Christian
Britain has shamelessly let down Christian Biafra"
Obasanjo with Effiong on
the last day of the war.
Murutala
Mohammed.....a controversial figure in the war he was best known for
escaping death the Abagana Ambush On March 31, 1968, mass executions in
Asaba and the sacking of Banks in Benin..before rising to become a very
popular President and playing a major role in dismantling Apartheid in
the RSA.
Shehu Musa
Yar'Adua
Heads shaved..men on their first day in the Biafran
Army.
From "The Nigerian Civil War" by John de St. Jorre (Hodder & Stoughton, 1972)
Rolf Steiner Head and founder of the Biafran Kommando
Unit.
Rolf
Steiner- the ex-foreign legionnaire, brutal, mean dog of war and a
complete joke of a military commander, who thankfully left in disgrace,
but still got paid for his services. His colleague Bob Goosens- a South
African, another mercena
...
ry
was killed in action. Gustav Von Rosen on the other hand was an old
school Knight who spent a lot of his life fighting for the underdog,
even though related to Herman Goering , he fought the Nazis in Finland,
also fought the Italians in Ethiopia, he converted small minicon
aeroplanes into combat aircraft, by attaching ammo disposal mechanism.
He was Dag Hammarskjold's (former UN Secretary Gen) pilot,who was
fortunately taken ill on the day Hammarskjold died when his plane was
brought down.
General
Staff Officer, Grade 1 in the Nigerian Army, and later, a
Lieutenant-Colonel,Patrick Anwunah was the Principal Staff Officer and
Chief of Logistics in the Biafran Army. Like General Major General
Alexander A. Madiebo and Major Timothy Onwuategwu, he also went to
Government College Umuahia.
Nigeria's Best Soldier during the war...The famous Colonel Utuk AKA Etuk:
Nigeria's Best Soldier during the war...The famous Colonel Utuk AKA Etuk:
....and on the back of a Benz....Pen is put to paper and
Peace is Made.
On
May 22, 1969, the Babies of Biafra launched their first attack against
Nigeria. The Babies were a fleet of 5 civilian single-engine SAAB
aircraft outfitted with unguided rocket launchers. They were going up
against an air force composed of MIGs and Ilyushin bombers, flown by
English, South African and Egyptian mercenaries. Their leader was Carl
Gustaf von Rosen, a Swede who was Herman Goering's nephew-in-law.
American pilot Ron Archer, en route to Biafra on an ammunition supply run for the Biafran army [Circa 1968].
Biafran child soldier said to be about 13, and one
of the Onumonus, and former French Legionnaire
Rolf Steiner awaiting orders.
Rolf Steiner circa 1968. Unlike many Mercs used by both sides, Steiner took Biafran Citizenship and even married an Igbo. However he would fall out of grace with the many Biafran Generals eventually leading to his expulsion.
Rolf Steiner circa 1968. Unlike many Mercs used by both sides, Steiner took Biafran Citizenship and even married an Igbo. However he would fall out of grace with the many Biafran Generals eventually leading to his expulsion.
Biafran
Troops with Welsh Merc Taffy Williams celebrating a victory. Taffy
Willams would be the main character Forsyth would use for his Book "The
Dogs of War".
Biafran Currency (c.1968)
Biafran Currency circa (c.1968)
Biafran Currency c. 1968
American pilot Ron Archer, en route to Biafra on an ammunition supply run for the Biafran army [Circa 1968].
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FFSA
Federation of
the Free States of Africa
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Mangovo Ngoyo
Mangovo Ngoyo
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